The molecule is the fundamental component of matter. Logically, many scientific disciplines define themselves as molecular. The molecular scale is therefore at the basis of many scientific concerns and societal issues such as health, energy, environment and information.  A multidisciplinary approach at the scale of the precisely identified molecule is therefore essential to meet major scientific challenges around fundamental or applied questions such as biomimicry, artificial photosynthesis,  the cosmic origin of the molecular building blocks of life, artificial life, the storage and molecular and supramolecular transmission of information, catalysis, theoretical modeling of complex molecular assemblies, molecular machines...